Bhaja Caves is a group of 22 rock-cut caves located near Lonavala in Maharashtra.

This is a significant archaeological site in India. Bhaja Caves are the oldest caves in the western decan, dating back to 2nd century BCE , the period of Satavahana dynasty.

The caves are situated on a hill and with panoramic views of the surrounding deccan plateau landscape.

Architecture

These caves are excellent specimens of the early phase of rock-cut architecture in western India. The architecture reflects the influence of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain traditions. The structures, maily stupas, prayer hall and multi storey living quarters are carved out of rocky cliffs formed out of volcanic eruptions.

Geologically, this western Indian area is called The Deccan Traps, one of the one of the largest volcanic features on Earth. Te abundance of this geographical feature also explains why such architecture flourished in this region.

Chaitya Hall

One of the significant structures within Bhaja Caves is a large chaitya hall (prayer hall) with a stupa at the far end. The chaitya hall contains many sculptures, including images of the Buddha.

Vihara

These are residential quarters (monasteries) where Buddhist monks may have resided. The viharas consist of cells carved into the rock, forming a residential complex.

Carvings and Inscriptions

The caves feature carvings depicting scenes from the Jataka tales, which narrate stories from the previous lives of the Buddha. Additionally, inscriptions in the caves provide historical and religious information.

Bhaja Caves are located approximately midway between Mumbai & Pune, off the Expressway. Karla Caves, another prominent group of rock-cut caves are located 7 km north of Bhaja caves.

I'm not a 'forts fan'. Otherwise this area has many popular forts and trekking trails. The most famous of it all is the Lohagad Fort. This is 4km southwest of Bhaja caves. Visapur Fort, another popular fort with trekking trail is 5 km southeast of Bhaja.

I handpicked & covered three Buddhist sites in one day- Karla Caves, Bhaja Caves and Bedse Caves. Boarded one of those MSRTC buses from Mumbai, got dropped on the expressway side, kind of middle of nowhere. Then trekked up to the Bhaja caves.